Direct Debit & Recurring Card

A debit transfer or "pull" payment is a transaction initiated by the receiver of funds, where the bank receives a payment request by the payee, and then sends the funds per request.

USE CASES

  • Utility bills

  • Mortgages

  • Check conversion

Debit = pull funds out of bank account, subscription bill pay

What is Direct Debit?

Direct Debit is a payment method where a customer authorizes a company to collect varying amounts directly from their bank account at agreed intervals. It's widely used for regular bills, subscriptions, and instalment payments.

In the United States, direct debit usually means an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transfer from a bank account to a biller, initiated by the biller.

The problem of direct debit fraud is extensive according to research by Liverpool Victoria Insurance[21] which reveals that over 97,000 Britons have fallen victim to criminals setting up fraudulent direct debits from their accounts. An average of £540 goes missing before the customer notices. Direct debit payment fraud in 2010 accounted for around 10.6% of all identity fraud cases. The extent of direct debit scamming is set to grow to 41,000 cases a year by 2013, equating to a 57% rise.

Settlement Proposed to Resolve Widespread Consumer Billing Issues by PPL Electric Utilities

What are recurring card payments?

Recurring card payments involve a customer permitting a merchant to charge their credit or debit card automatically at set intervals. This method is common for subscription services, memberships, and ongoing payments.

Feature
Direct Debit
Recurring Card Payments

Authorization

Requires signed mandate

Needs card details and agreement

Transaction fees

Lower

Higher, especially for card-not-present transactions

Customer protection

Direct Debit Guarantee

Card network security measures

Success rate

Higher (95%+)

Lower (failure rates can exceed 20%)

Payment source

Bank account

Credit or debit card

Processing time

3-5 working days

Immediate to next-day

Flexibility

Fixed dates, variable amounts

Flexible dates and amounts

Pros and cons

Direct Debit

Pros:

  • Higher success rates

  • Lower transaction fees

  • Strong customer protection (Direct Debit Guarantee)

  • Ideal for variable payment amounts

Cons:

  • Longer processing time

  • Requires bank account details

  • Less flexibility in payment dates

  • Recurring Card Payments

Recurring Card Payments

Pros:

  • Fast processing

  • Convenient for customers

  • Flexible payment dates

  • Suitable for international transactions

Cons:

  • Higher failure rates due to card expiration/cancellation

  • Higher transaction fees

  • Less protection compared to Direct Debit Guarantee

When to use each payment method

Direct Debit is best for:

  • Utility bills and regular services

  • Membership fees

  • B2B transactions

  • Businesses prioritizing payment reliability

Recurring card payments are ideal for:

  • Subscription-based services

  • E-commerce businesses

  • International transactions

  • Businesses needing immediate payment processing

Costs and fees

Direct Debit typically involves:

  • Setup fees: £100-£500

  • Transaction fees: 10p-50p per transaction

  • Monthly fees: £10-£50

Recurring card payments usually incur:

  • Transaction fees: 1.5%-3.5% + 20p-30p per transaction

  • Monthly gateway fees: £20-£50

  • PCI compliance costs


RESOURCES

https://docs.xft.finance/learn/flows/payments/debit-transfer

https://stripe.com/resources/more/ach-debit-an-in-depth-guide

https://www.utilitydive.com/news/us-utilities-have-billions-in-unpaid-customer-balances-what-should-they-do/607682/

https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/smart-money/cant-pay-utility-bills

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